Types and Causes of ADHD

Types Of ADHD

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It is categorized into three main types:

  1. ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
    People with this type often struggle to focus, follow detailed instructions, and organize tasks. They may seem daydreamy, easily distracted, or forgetful in daily activities.

  2. ADHD – Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation
    Individuals show signs of excessive movement, impulsivity, and restlessness. They may find it hard to sit still, talk excessively, interrupt conversations, or act without thinking.

  3. ADHD – Combined Presentation
    This is the most common type. People display a combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

 

Causes of ADHD

While the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, research suggests that several factors may contribute:

  • Genetics
    ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic link. Certain genes related to brain development and neurotransmitter regulation may play a role.

  • Brain Structure and Function
    Differences in brain anatomy and activity, particularly in areas that control attention and impulse control, have been observed in people with ADHD.

  • Prenatal Factors
    Exposure to alcohol, tobacco smoke, or drugs during pregnancy, premature birth, or low birth weight may increase the risk of developing ADHD.

  • Environmental Factors
    Early exposure to environmental toxins, such as lead, or experiencing severe stress during early childhood may contribute.

  • Diet and Lifestyle
    While not direct causes, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and disrupted sleep patterns can influence the severity of symptoms.

Understanding ADHD is the first step toward effective management. With the right support and interventions, individuals with ADHD can thrive in all aspects of life.

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